programmieren-in-rust/aufgaben/sheet03/task2/poki.rs

//! Task 3.2: Pokemon

fn main() {}



/// Describes an attack with all its properties. This type is similar to
/// `PokemonModel`, as there are finite many, immutable instances of this type
/// in a database. This is not a type whose instances change over time.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
struct Attack {
    category: AttackCategory,
    name: &'static str,
    /// Base power of the move. The actual inflicted damage is calculated with
    /// a formula using the move's power and a few other parameters.
    base_power: u8,
    type_: Type,
}

/// Category of an attack.
///
/// Note: currently, the category 'status' is missing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
enum AttackCategory {
    /// Attacks with body contact, like "Tackle" or "Bite"
    Physical,
    /// Attacks without body contact, like "Bubble Beam" or "Thunderbolt"
    Special,
}

/// Describes how effective an attack of one type is on a Pokemon of another
/// type.
///
/// Note that a Pokemon can have two types. In order to determine the
/// effectiveness, the multipliers of the effectivenesses on both types
/// are multiplied. As such, there can be 0.25 and 4.0 multipliers!
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
enum TypeEffectiveness {
    NotEffective,
    NotVeryEffective,
    Normal,
    SuperEffective,
}

impl TypeEffectiveness {
    /// Returns the type effectiveness of an attack from one attacker type
    /// on one defender type.
    fn of_attack(attacker: Type, defender: Type) -> Self {
        use Type::*;
        use TypeEffectiveness as Te;

        // TODO: complete this
        match (attacker, defender) {
            (Fire, Water) => Te::NotVeryEffective,
            (Fire, Grass) => Te::SuperEffective,
            (Water, Fire) => Te::SuperEffective,
            (Water, Grass) => Te::NotVeryEffective,
            (Grass, Fire) => Te::NotVeryEffective,
            (Grass, Water) => Te::SuperEffective,
            _ => Te::Normal,
        }
    }

    /// Returns the corresponding multiplier for the damage formula.
    fn multiplier(&self) -> f64 {
        match *self {
            TypeEffectiveness::NotEffective => 0.0,
            TypeEffectiveness::NotVeryEffective => 0.5,
            TypeEffectiveness::Normal => 1.0,
            TypeEffectiveness::SuperEffective => 2.0,
        }
    }
}


/// Types (sometimes called "elements") of the Pokemon universe. Each
/// attack-move has exactly one type, Pokemons can have one or two types.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
#[allow(dead_code)]
enum Type {
    Normal,
    Fire,
    Fighting,
    Water,
    Flying,
    Grass,
    Poison,
    Electric,
    Ground,
    Psychic,
    Rock,
    Ice,
    Bug,
    Dragon,
    Ghost,
    Dark,
    Steel,
    Fairy,
}

/// Describes the type of a Pokemon. Pokemon can have one or two types.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
enum PokemonType {
    One(Type),
    Two(Type, Type),
}

/// Describes a kind of Pokemon, e.g. "Pikachu".
///
/// This is different than an actual, living Pokemon. This struct just
/// describes properties that are the same for every creature of this
/// Pokemon kind.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
struct PokemonModel {
    /// Name of the Pokemon
    name: &'static str,
    /// ID in the international Pokedex
    id: u16,
    type_: PokemonType,
    base_stats: Stats,
    /// This is different from the real Pokemon games: attacks are not part
    /// of the Pokemon model, but of the Pokemon itself (as they change over
    /// time). A pokemon just has an abstract learnset of potential attacks.
    /// But this is easier for now.
    attacks: &'static [&'static Attack]
}

/// Describes the basic stats of a Pokemon.
///
/// Each living Pokemon has an actual stat value, but each Pokemon kind also
/// has so called "base stats". These base stats are used to calculate the
/// actual stats, whose depend on the Pokemon's current level. Stronger Pokemon
/// have higher base stats.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
struct Stats {
    /// Health points
    hp: u16,
    /// Speed, sometimes called initiative (INIT)
    speed: u16,
    /// Strength of physical attacks (like "Tackle")
    attack: u16,
    /// Strength of special attacks (like "Bubble Beam")
    special_attack: u16,
    /// Defense power against physical attacks (like "Tackle")
    defense: u16,
    /// Defense power against special attacks (like "Bubble Beam")
    special_defense: u16,
}

impl Stats {
    /// Given the base stats and a level, this function returns the actual
    /// stats for that level.
    ///
    /// This function doesn't implement the correct formula used by Pokemon
    /// games. It is a simplified version of the original formula for now: we
    /// ignore IVs, EVs and the Pokemon's nature). The complete formula can be
    /// found [here (HP)][1] and [here (other stats)][2].
    ///
    /// [1]: http://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/File:HPStatCalcGen34.png
    /// [2]: http://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/File:OtherStatCalcGen34.png
    fn at_level(base: Self, level: u8) -> Self {
        /// The formula is the same for all stats != hp
        fn stat_formula(base: u16, level: u8) -> u16 {
            ((base as f64 * level as f64) / 50.0 + 5.0) as u16
        }

        let hp = (
            (base.hp as f64 * level as f64) / 50.0
                + level as f64
                + 10.0
        ) as u16;

        Stats {
            hp: hp,
            speed: stat_formula(base.speed, level),
            attack: stat_formula(base.attack, level),
            special_attack: stat_formula(base.special_attack, level),
            defense: stat_formula(base.defense, level),
            special_defense: stat_formula(base.special_defense, level),
        }
    }
}

// ===========================================================================
// ===========================================================================
// ===========================================================================
// Formulas to calculate stuff
// ===========================================================================
// ===========================================================================
// ===========================================================================

/// Calculates the damage of an attack. We don't use the exact formula, but
/// a simplified version of it. In particular, we simplified the "Modifier"
/// term quite a bit. The correct and complete formula can be found [here][1].
///
/// [1]: http://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Damage#Damage_formula
// fn attack_damage(attacker: &Pokemon, defender: &Pokemon, attack: Attack) -> u16 {
//     // Depending on the attack category, get the correct stats
//     let (attack_mod, defense_mod) = match attack.category {
//         AttackCategory::Physical => {
//             (attacker.stats().attack, defender.stats().defense)
//         }
//         AttackCategory::Special => {
//             (attacker.stats().special_attack, defender.stats().special_defense)
//         }
//     };

//     // Cast everything to f64 to reduce noise in actual formula
//     let (attack_mod, defense_mod) = (attack_mod as f64, defense_mod as f64);
//     let base_power = attack.base_power as f64;
//     let attacker_level = attacker.level() as f64;

//     // The modifier only depends on the type effectiveness (in our simplified
//     // version!).
//     let modifier = match defender.model().type_ {
//         PokemonType::One(ty) => {
//             TypeEffectiveness::of_attack(attack.type_, ty).multiplier()
//         }
//         PokemonType::Two(ty_a, ty_b) => {
//             TypeEffectiveness::of_attack(attack.type_, ty_a).multiplier()
//                 * TypeEffectiveness::of_attack(attack.type_, ty_b).multiplier()
//         }
//     };

//     // With every parameter prepared above, here is the formula
//     (
//         (
//             ((2.0 * attacker_level + 10.0) / 250.0)
//                 * (attack_mod / defense_mod)
//                 * base_power
//                 + 2.0
//         ) * modifier
//     ) as u16
// }

// ===========================================================================
// ===========================================================================
// ===========================================================================
// This is just constant data!
// ===========================================================================
// ===========================================================================
// ===========================================================================

/// The Pokemon database!
///
/// Apart from the "attacks" field, all values are correct.
const POKEDEX: &'static [PokemonModel] = &[
    PokemonModel {
        name: "Bulbasaur",
        id: 001,
        type_: PokemonType::Two(Type::Poison, Type::Grass),
        base_stats: Stats {
            hp: 45,
            attack: 49,
            defense: 49,
            special_attack: 65,
            special_defense: 65,
            speed: 45,
        },
        attacks: &[TACKLE],
    },
    PokemonModel {
        name: "Ivysaur",
        id: 002,
        type_: PokemonType::Two(Type::Poison, Type::Grass),
        base_stats: Stats {
            hp: 60,
            attack: 62,
            defense: 63,
            special_attack: 80,
            special_defense: 80,
            speed: 60,
        },
        attacks: &[TACKLE, VINE_WHIP],
    },
    PokemonModel {
        name: "Venusaur",
        id: 003,
        type_: PokemonType::Two(Type::Poison, Type::Grass),
        base_stats: Stats {
            hp: 80,
            attack: 82,
            defense: 83,
            special_attack: 100,
            special_defense: 100,
            speed: 80,
        },
        attacks: &[TACKLE, VINE_WHIP],
    },
    PokemonModel {
        name: "Charmander",
        id: 004,
        type_: PokemonType::One(Type::Fire),
        base_stats: Stats {
            hp: 39,
            attack: 52,
            defense: 43,
            special_attack: 60,
            special_defense: 50,
            speed: 65,
        },
        attacks: &[TACKLE],
    },
    PokemonModel {
        name: "Charmeleon",
        id: 005,
        type_: PokemonType::One(Type::Fire),
        base_stats: Stats {
            hp: 58,
            attack: 64,
            defense: 58,
            special_attack: 80,
            special_defense: 65,
            speed: 80,
        },
        attacks: &[TACKLE, EMBER],
    },
    PokemonModel {
        name: "Charizard",
        id: 006,
        type_: PokemonType::Two(Type::Fire, Type::Flying),
        base_stats: Stats {
            hp: 78,
            attack: 84,
            defense: 78,
            special_attack: 109,
            special_defense: 85,
            speed: 100,
        },
        attacks: &[TACKLE, EMBER],
    },
    PokemonModel {
        name: "Squirtle",
        id: 007,
        type_: PokemonType::One(Type::Water),
        base_stats: Stats {
            hp: 44,
            attack: 48,
            defense: 65,
            special_attack: 50,
            special_defense: 64,
            speed: 43,
        },
        attacks: &[TACKLE],
    },
    PokemonModel {
        name: "Wartortle",
        id: 008,
        type_: PokemonType::One(Type::Water),
        base_stats: Stats {
            hp: 59,
            attack: 63,
            defense: 80,
            special_attack: 65,
            special_defense: 80,
            speed: 58,
        },
        attacks: &[TACKLE, WATER_GUN],
    },
    PokemonModel {
        name: "Blastoise",
        id: 009,
        type_: PokemonType::One(Type::Water),
        base_stats: Stats {
            hp: 79,
            attack: 83,
            defense: 100,
            special_attack: 85,
            special_defense: 105,
            speed: 78,
        },
        attacks: &[TACKLE, WATER_GUN],
    },
];

/// List of all attacks.
///
/// Of course, these are not all attacks. We will probably provide a much
/// bigger database with the next sheet.
const ATTACK_DB: &'static [Attack] = &[
    Attack {
        category: AttackCategory::Physical,
        name: "Tackle",
        base_power: 50,
        type_: Type::Normal,
    },
    Attack {
        category: AttackCategory::Special,
        name: "Vine Whip",
        base_power: 45,
        type_: Type::Grass,
    },
    Attack {
        category: AttackCategory::Special,
        name: "Ember",
        base_power: 40,
        type_: Type::Fire,
    },
    Attack {
        category: AttackCategory::Special,
        name: "Water Gun",
        base_power: 40,
        type_: Type::Water,
    },
];

// These are just some easy names to be more expressive in the Pokedex.
const TACKLE: &'static Attack = &ATTACK_DB[0];
const VINE_WHIP: &'static Attack = &ATTACK_DB[1];
const EMBER: &'static Attack = &ATTACK_DB[2];
const WATER_GUN: &'static Attack = &ATTACK_DB[3];




// ===========================================================================
// ===========================================================================
// ===========================================================================
// Helper functions (you don't need to understand how they work yet)
// ===========================================================================
// ===========================================================================
// ===========================================================================

/// Reads a string from the terminal/user.
fn read_string() -> String {
    let mut buffer = String::new();
    std::io::stdin()
        .read_line(&mut buffer)
        .expect("something went horribly wrong...");

    // Discard trailing newline
    let new_len = buffer.trim_right().len();
    buffer.truncate(new_len);

    buffer
}

/// Reads a valid `usize` integer from the terminal/user.
fn read_usize() -> usize {
    loop {
        match read_string().parse() {
            Ok(res) => return res,
            Err(_) => println!("That was not an integer! Please try again!"),
        }
    }
}